However, genomic selection also relies on relationships between individuals to accurately predict genetic value. The theory of genomic selection is based on the prediction of the effects of genetic markers in linkage disequilibrium with quantitative trait loci. The importance of information on relatives for the prediction of genomic breeding values and the implications for the makeup of reference data sets in livestock breeding schemes.Ĭlark, Samuel A Hickey, John M Daetwyler, Hans D van der Werf, Julius H J Copyright © 2015 American Dairy Science Association. Results indicate that the single-step method provides the highest accuracy for populations with a small number of genotyped individuals, where the number of genotyped males is low and females are predominant in the reference population.
This is the first attempt to implement genomic selection in UK dairy goats. Linkage disequilibrium (r(2), the squared correlation of the alleles at 2 loci) at 50 kb (distance between 2 SNP) was 0.18. The highest accuracy of 0.61 was obtained with single-step BLUP, and the lowest (0.36) with BLUP-SNP. Two methods for estimation of genomic breeding value were compared- BLUP at the single nucleotide polymorphism level ( BLUP-SNP) and single-step BLUP. In total 1,960 animals were genotyped with the Illumina 50K caprine chip. Data on milk composition was unavailable. The data set contained test-day records of milk yield, lactation number, farm, age at kidding, and year and season of kidding. The pedigree file contained 30,139 individuals, of which 2,799 were founders. In each generation the best performing animals were selected for breeding, and as a result, a synthetic breed was created. The population was created by crossing 3 breeds: Alpine, Saanen, and Toggenburg. The research was based on data provided by 2 commercial goat farms in the UK comprising 590,409 milk yield records on 14,453 dairy goats kidding between 19. The objective of this study was to estimate genomic breeding values for milk yield in crossbred dairy goats. Mucha, S Mrode, R MacLaren-Lee, I Coffey, M Conington, J Remain individual and explore our range of women’s shoes for both casual and formal events.Estimation of genomic breeding values for milk yield in UK dairy goats. Whether you’re wearing washed denim jeans or classic trousers, the sleek design offers a classy look to any work outfit. To be more formal, try a pair of sneakers that feature shinier textures for that extra touch of luxe. Whether you’re at work, relaxing at home or juggling tasks, our collection of footwear provides the perfect solution for women’s work shoes and casual long day wear. Standing on your feet all day can be difficult, which means quality footwear remains a necessity. No matter the occasion, you can lounge around, dance all night or sit at the beach with our open toe, slip on style range. For a little extra spark, our fluffy faux-fur sandals are made for showing off and are much comfier than regular sandals. With sporty logo straps and a velcro closure, these 2-inch platform sandals remain a stand out. If you want to go one step further and be a little more adventurous, our platform sport sandals add a statement touch to any casual outfit. Our range of women’s sandals are ideal for the warmer months, providing a cushioned foot bed for all day wear and strappy designs to complete the laid-back look. Sneakers are the perfect option to throw on whilst on the go, with faux-leather detailing and iconic logo features, the sneaker collection covers all-time classic shoes with an updated look and feel.
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